Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a condition in which the brain has difficulty receiving, organizing, and responding appropriately to information from the senses. Children with SPD may overreact—or underreact—to sensory input such as touch, sound, light, taste, or movement. For example, a child may cover their ears at normal household noises, refuse to wear certain clothing textures, or constantly seek movement and pressure to feel calm.
For parents, understanding SPD is an important first step toward helping a child thrive. Through awareness, family education, and therapy, children can learn to regulate their responses and participate more confidently in daily activities at home, school, and in the community.
Understanding the Sensory Systems in Children
Most people are familiar with the five senses—sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell—but therapists recognize several additional systems that help children process the world around them:
- Proprioception – awareness of body position and movement.
- Vestibular sense – the sense of balance and motion, linked to the inner ear.
- Interoception – awareness of internal body signals like hunger, temperature, and emotions.
When these systems don’t communicate smoothly with the brain, a child may appear clumsy, overly sensitive, withdrawn, or constantly “on the go.” Occupational therapists are specially trained to identify which sensory systems are affected and develop individualized treatment plans.
Signs and Symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder
Because SPD affects each child differently, signs can range from mild to severe. Some children are sensory seekers who crave constant input, while others are sensory avoiders who become overwhelmed by too much stimulation. Common signs include:
- Extreme reactions to sounds, textures, or lights.
- Difficulty sitting still or constantly fidgeting.
- Challenges with fine motor or gross motor coordination.
- Avoiding certain clothing fabrics or food textures.
- Trouble focusing or following directions.
- Emotional outbursts or “meltdowns” in response to sensory overload.
Recognizing these patterns helps parents and teachers understand that a child’s behavior is often a form of communication—not misbehavior.
How Occupational Therapy Helps Children with SPD
Child-centered therapy for sensory regulation is one of the most effective ways to address SPD. Occupational therapists use evidence-based techniques to help children develop better body awareness, self-regulation, and coping skills.
A typical sensory-based therapy session might include:
- Swinging or climbing to improve balance and coordination.
- Play-based activities with different textures to build tolerance to touch.
- Heavy work or deep pressure activities to calm the nervous system.
- Fine motor games that improve focus and control.
Therapists also collaborate with parents to create home programs and sensory diets—structured routines that include calming and alerting activities throughout the day. This partnership between home, school, and therapy supports long-term progress and consistency.
Why Early Intervention Matters
Early recognition and treatment of sensory processing challenges can make a significant difference in a child’s development. When left unaddressed, SPD can affect academic success, emotional regulation, and social relationships. Children may struggle to participate in classroom routines or withdraw from play with peers.
With early intervention, children gain the tools to manage sensory input effectively, improve attention and self-regulation, and build confidence in daily activities. For parents, it also reduces stress and provides strategies for positive support at home.
Parent Education: How to Support Your Child at Home
Parents play a vital role in helping children with sensory needs succeed. Understanding what triggers or soothes your child can make daily life smoother and more predictable. Try these sensory-friendly strategies:
- Create a calming corner – A quiet space with soft lighting, fidgets, and weighted blankets can help children self-regulate.
- Use movement breaks – Regular opportunities to jump, stretch, or swing can prevent sensory overload.
- Incorporate sensory play – Water tables, playdough, and sand bins help children explore textures safely.
- Maintain consistent routines – Predictability helps children feel secure and reduces anxiety.
- Collaborate with therapists – Follow through with home-based therapy exercises and sensory diets.
The more informed and proactive parents become, the more effectively they can advocate for their child’s needs in school and community settings.
Building Awareness and Confidence Through Education
Understanding sensory processing disorder is the foundation of compassionate and effective care. With education, therapy, and supportive routines, children can gain control over their sensory experiences—and parents can feel empowered to guide them toward success.
At 40:31 Rehab & Wellness, we believe every child deserves the opportunity to thrive in their environment. Through individualized occupational therapy, family education, and collaborative care, we help children build confidence, resilience, and joy in everyday life.
